Effects of Marine Threats on Mediterranean Marine Top Predators

This chapter explores the growing threats faced by top predators in the Mediterranean Sea. Climate change, overfishing, and plastic pollution may affect their migration patterns and lead them to abandon established reproduction areas. For instance, tuna might not find its spawning grounds due to warmer water, sea turtles might fight against plastic debris to lay their eggs, or dolphins might be tangled by a ghost net. These disruptions threaten entire predator populations, posing at risk the entire species with the death of young specimens and the reduction of offspring. The entire marine ecosystem suffers as these top predators play a vital role in maintaining a healthy balance. By examining the impact of different threats on biological and ecological aspects of movement and reproduction, this chapter shows the vulnerabilities of these important creatures, highlighting the urgent need for conservation efforts. Only with immediate actions can we ensure their survival and a healthy Mediterranean Sea for generations to come.